Problems surrounding the identification and systematics of taxa belonging to the trilobite family Ellipsocephalidae have been highlightled for years. In this work we revise the ellipsocephalid Strenuaeva from Spain based on analyses of the type material of defined species together with newly collected specimens from the Ossa-Morena Zone and the Iberian Chains. Two species are recognized as valid for these regions, S. sampelayoi and S. incondita. The species S. melendezi and Ellipsostrenua alanisiana from Spain, as well as S. marocana from Morocco, are here considered junior synonyms of S. sampelayoi. Previous assignment of the Spanish species to Issafeniella is here rejected. The abundant available material of S. sampelayoi made it possible to evaluate the taphonomical role in the preservation of some characters and to recognize intraspecific variability similar to that described in S. inflata from Baltica, reinforcing its assignment to Strenuaeva. Biostratigraphically, Strenuaeva ranges from the uppermost Cambrian Stage 3 to the uppermost Cambrian Stage 4. In Iberia, it is restricted to the middle Marianian in the Ossa-Morena Zone, whereas it is known from the lowermost middle Marianian to the lowermost upper Marianian in the Iberian Chains. Strenuaeva is known from Baltica (Scandinavia and Holy Cross Mountains, Poland), Iberia (Spain), Morocco and, possibly, western Avalonia (Newfoundland).